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Country book · Asia

Vietnam

Resilient, fast-moving and fiercely proud

Vietnam stretches from misty northern mountains to the Mekong Delta's waterways, carrying a history of resilience into one of Asia's fastest-growing economies. Motorbikes, coffee shops and street food define the rhythm of daily life.

Myths

What's true, what isn't

Actually true

  • Coffee culture is intense and inventive

    Egg coffee, coconut coffee and strong drip coffee over ice are daily rituals, with Vietnam among the world's top coffee producers.

  • Motorbikes dominate the streets

    Tens of millions of scooters carry entire families, furniture and livestock — crossing the street means walking steadily, not stopping.

  • The war is a living memory, not distant history

    Many older Vietnamese lived through the American War, and its museums and memorials remain central to national identity.

  • Street food culture is a way of life

    Plastic stools on the sidewalk and a bowl of phở or bún chả are more common than sit-down restaurants for daily meals.

Commonly believed, wrong

  • "It's still recovering economically from the war"

    Vietnam is one of Asia's fastest-growing economies, a major manufacturing hub with rapidly rising incomes.

  • "Phở is eaten only for lunch or dinner"

    Phở is traditionally a breakfast dish, eaten hot from street stalls early in the morning.

  • "North and South Vietnam are culturally identical"

    Dialect, cuisine and social customs differ noticeably between Hanoi, Hue and Ho Chi Minh City.

  • "Ha Long Bay is a quiet, empty place"

    It's one of the most visited sites in Vietnam, with hundreds of boats cruising its karsts daily.

Highlights

The best of Vietnam

Ha Long Bay's limestone islands

Thousands of jungle-covered karst islands rising from emerald water, best seen overnight on a boat.

Hoi An's lantern-lit old town

A UNESCO trading port town glowing with silk lanterns and tailor shops each evening.

Sapa's rice terrace treks

Emerald mountain terraces farmed by Hmong and Dao ethnic communities in the far north.

The Mekong Delta's waterways

Floating markets and river life around Can Tho, best explored by small boat at dawn.

Culture

Cultural riches

Ao dai national dress

The elegant long tunic and trousers, worn for weddings, Tet and school uniforms alike.

Tet Lunar New Year

Vietnam's biggest holiday, with family reunions, ancestral altars and kumquat trees in every home.

Water puppetry

A centuries-old northern art form performed on a water stage with wooden puppets and live music.

Sidewalk coffee shop life

Low plastic stools facing the street are where deals get made, gossip shared and afternoons spent.

Food

What to eat

Phở

A fragrant beef or chicken noodle soup with star anise and fresh herbs, eaten any time of day.

Bánh mì

A crusty baguette sandwich filled with pâté, pickled vegetables and grilled meat — French colonial legacy reinvented.

Bún chả

Grilled pork patties served with rice noodles, herbs and a sweet-sour dipping sauce, a Hanoi classic.

Cà phê sữa đá

Strong drip coffee sweetened with condensed milk over ice.

Gỏi cuốn

Fresh rice-paper rolls with shrimp, pork, herbs and vermicelli, dipped in peanut sauce.

Music

World-famous voices

Sơn Tùng M-TP

V-pop's biggest star.

Mỹ Tâm

The queen of Vietnamese pop.

Hoàng Thùy Linh

Folk-pop with global attention.

Đen Vâu

Vietnam's most-loved rapper.

Suboi

Pioneer of Vietnamese hip-hop.

History

Important people in history

Ho Chi Minh

1945–1969

Founding leader of independent Vietnam, whose image and mausoleum remain central to national identity.

Vo Nguyen Giap

1944–1975 (military command)

General who led Vietnamese forces to victory over French and American forces.

Cities

Most popular cities

Hanoi

Old Quarter alleys, French colonial architecture and lake-side calm

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Ho Chi Minh City

Fast, dense and entrepreneurial, formerly Saigon

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Hoi An

Lantern-lit riverside town famous for tailoring and lantern festivals

Hue

Former imperial capital with citadel ruins and royal tombs

Da Nang

Beach city with the Marble Mountains and Golden Bridge nearby