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Country book · Europe

Malta

Limestone fortresses in the middle of the Mediterranean

Malta packs seven thousand years of history — Neolithic temples, Knights of St John fortresses, British colonial streets — onto an archipelago smaller than most cities. English and Maltese are spoken side by side under a near-permanent Mediterranean sun.

Myths

What's true, what isn't

Actually true

  • The country really is bilingual

    Maltese and English are both official languages, and most people switch fluidly between the two.

  • Village festas are taken extremely seriously

    Each town's patron saint festival features fireworks competitions and rival marching bands with fierce local pride.

  • Malta has some of the oldest freestanding structures on Earth

    Its megalithic temples, like Ħaġar Qim, predate both Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids.

  • The Knights of St John left a massive architectural legacy

    Valletta's fortifications and palaces were built almost entirely under the Order's rule in the 16th century.

Commonly believed, wrong

  • "Malta is basically part of Italy"

    It has its own Semitic-rooted language, distinct history of British rule, and separate cultural identity despite Sicilian proximity.

  • "It's just a small beach destination"

    Malta's history spans Phoenician, Roman, Arab, Norman, Knights and British periods, layered across a tiny footprint.

  • "Everyone there is on holiday"

    Malta has a dense resident population and one of the highest population densities in Europe.

  • "There isn't much to eat beyond fish"

    Rabbit stew, pastizzi and Maltese bread reflect a very land-based, historically poor-farmer cuisine too.

Highlights

The best of Malta

Valletta's fortified old town

A UNESCO World Heritage city built by the Knights of St John.

The Blue Lagoon, Comino

Turquoise, shallow water between Malta and Gozo.

Mdina, the Silent City

A walled medieval hilltop city with almost no traffic.

The Ħaġar Qim temples

Neolithic megalithic temples older than the pyramids.

Culture

Cultural riches

Village festas

Each town celebrates its patron saint with fireworks, brass bands and street parties.

Knights of St John heritage

Baroque churches and fortifications built by the Order still dominate the skyline.

Luzzu fishing boats

Brightly painted traditional boats with painted eyes still fish daily.

Maltese language

A Semitic language written in Latin script, unique among European tongues.

Food

What to eat

Pastizzi

Flaky pastry filled with ricotta or mushy peas, eaten as a snack any time of day.

Fenkata (rabbit stew)

Rabbit braised in wine and garlic, considered the national dish.

Ftira

A dense, ring-shaped bread stuffed with tuna, capers and tomato.

Aljotta

A garlicky fish soup traditionally served on Fridays.

Imqaret

Deep-fried date-filled pastries, a beloved street sweet.

History

Important people in history

Jean Parisot de Valette

1494 — 1568

Grand Master of the Knights of St John who founded Valletta after the Great Siege of 1565.

Dom Mintoff

1916 — 2012

Postwar prime minister who negotiated Malta's independence path and reshaped its politics.

George Borg Olivier

1911 — 1980

Led Malta to independence from Britain in 1964 as its first prime minister.

Cities

Most popular cities

Valletta

The fortified baroque capital.

Open the city book →

Mdina

The silent walled former capital.

Sliema

Modern seafront promenade and shopping.

Victoria (Gozo)

Hilltop citadel on the quieter sister island.

St Julian's

Nightlife and harbourside dining hub.