The Great Barrier Reef
The world's largest coral reef system, visible from space and teeming with marine life off Queensland's coast.
Country book · Oceania
A continent-sized backyard with its own rules
Australia is a vast island continent where ancient Aboriginal culture, laid-back coastal life and some of the world's strangest wildlife all coexist. Cities cling to the coast while the outback stretches, mostly empty, into the interior.
Myths
Actually true
Aboriginal culture is the oldest continuous culture on Earth
Aboriginal Australians have lived on the continent for at least 65,000 years, with living traditions, art and languages still practised today.
Most people live within a short drive of the coast
Over 85% of Australians live within 50km of the sea, leaving the vast interior 'outback' sparsely populated.
Wildlife really is uniquely dangerous and unique
Australia has more venomous snake and spider species than anywhere on Earth, alongside marsupials found nowhere else, like the platypus.
Coffee culture rivals Europe's
Melbourne in particular has an obsessive, highly skilled independent café scene that predates many international chains locally.
Commonly believed, wrong
"Everyone lives near dangerous wildlife constantly"
Snake and spider encounters are rare for most city-dwelling Australians, who live urban, coastal lives far from remote bushland.
"It's always hot and dry everywhere"
Tasmania and southern Victoria have genuinely cold, wet winters, and the Snowy Mountains get regular snowfall.
"Sydney is the capital"
Canberra, a purpose-built city, is the actual national capital — a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne.
"Kangaroos hop down the streets of every city"
Kangaroos are common in rural and semi-rural areas but not a normal sight in Sydney or Melbourne's city centres.
Highlights
The world's largest coral reef system, visible from space and teeming with marine life off Queensland's coast.
A monolithic sandstone formation sacred to the Anangu people, glowing red at sunset in the desert.
The Opera House and Harbour Bridge framing one of the world's most photogenic natural harbours.
Cradle Mountain and pristine coastlines make Tasmania Australia's wildest, least-crowded escape.
Culture
Dot painting and oral storytelling traditions carry some of the oldest continuous cultural knowledge on Earth.
Surf lifesaving clubs and beachside barbecues define an enormous amount of everyday social life.
Australian Rules Football, cricket and rugby league draw passionate crowds and dominate weekend conversation.
Post-war immigration built a genuinely diverse food culture, from Melbourne's Italian cafés to Sydney's Vietnamese and Lebanese food strips.
Food
A handheld savoury pie with minced meat and gravy, sold at every footy match and bakery.
A prized native fish, often grilled whole and central to modern Australian coastal cooking.
Sponge cake cubes coated in chocolate and desiccated coconut, a national teatime classic.
A salty, yeasty spread spread thinly on buttered toast — an acquired taste that's a genuine breakfast staple.
Melbourne and Sydney's café culture perfected this espresso-and-microfoam milk coffee style.
Music
The loudest rock export in history.
Pop princess turned dance icon.
Psych-pop for the modern era.
Songwriter and voice behind global hits.
80s rock at its most stylish.
History
1921–1924
First woman elected to an Australian parliament, a pioneer for women's political representation.
1939–1941, 1949–1966
Australia's longest-serving prime minister, shaping post-war economic and foreign policy.
Landmark case, 1992
Indigenous land rights activist whose High Court case overturned the legal fiction of terra nullius.
Cities
Harbourside icon city with beaches minutes from downtown
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Laneway cafés, art and a famously strong sporting culture
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Gateway to the Great Barrier Reef and tropical rainforest
Isolated west coast capital near pristine beaches and wine regions
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Tasmania's small, historic capital near wilderness national parks